Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Introduction

Pregnancy-induced Hypertension (PIH) is a complication characterized by high blood pressure, swelling due to fluid retention, and protein in urine. Careful management is required to prevent complications. A balanced diet rich in protein, fibre, minerals, and vitamins is essential.

Dietary Guidelines

1. Follow fixed meal times and split meals into small, frequent portions.
2. Eat a balanced diet including a variety of foods daily.
3. Prefer whole grains like ragi, jowar, bajra; use whole-wheat or fiber-enriched flour.
4. Include legumes like channa, rajma, lobia, moong dal, green peas.
5. Consume at least 3 servings of vegetables and 1 serving of green leafy vegetables daily.
6. Eat fruits such as oranges, sweet limes, melons, pears, guavas, figs, apples, and plums.
7. Consume low-fat milk and dairy products daily for calcium and protein.
8. Include eggs, lean meats like chicken and fish; avoid red meats.
9. Include unsalted nuts and seeds.
10. Stay hydrated: 2-3 litres of water daily.
11. Consume iodized salt, but limit to 1 teaspoon/day.
12. Maintain food hygiene and an active lifestyle: 45-60 mins of physical activity daily.

Important Nutrients & Sources

• Nitrates: beetroot, spinach, lettuce, radish, turnips, cabbage, green beans
• Zinc: chicken, beans, nuts, certain seafood, whole grains, dairy
• Calcium: milk, curds, tofu, cheese, butter, ragi, fish, green leafy vegetables
• Magnesium: green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains
• Vitamin D: fortified foods, egg yolks, oily fish

Weight Gain Guidelines

Follow IOM Guidelines, 2009:

Foods to Restrict

• Table salt, pickles, papads, biscuits, bakery items, preserved foods, chocolates, processed cheese, chips, mixture
• Saturated fats like ghee, butter, dalda, margarine, mayonnaise
• Caffeine-containing beverages (tea, coffee) around meals
• Empty-calorie foods like chocolates, soft drinks, fried items